Machu Picchu, the iconic Incan citadel nestled high in the Andes Mountains of Peru, is a bucket-list destination for travelers around the world. Known for its breathtaking scenery, rich history, and impressive archaeological significance, visiting Machu Picchu requires some planning and preparation. In this guide, we’ll explore how to track your journey to this ancient wonder, from securing permits to tips for the trek itself.
1. Understanding Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu, often referred to as the “Lost City of the Incas,” was built in the 15th century and later abandoned during the Spanish Conquest. Rediscovered in 1911 by explorer Hiram Bingham, it has since become a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. The site is famous for its intricate dry-stone construction, stunning agricultural terraces, and panoramic views of the surrounding mountains.
2. Choosing Your Route
There are several ways to reach Machu Picchu, each offering a unique experience:
A. The Inca Trail
The most popular option is the Inca Trail, a multi-day trek that takes you through stunning landscapes, diverse ecosystems, and ancient ruins. The classic Inca Trail trek typically lasts four days and covers approximately 26 miles (42 kilometers).
Permit Requirements: Permits for the Inca Trail are limited and sell out quickly, often months in advance. It’s crucial to book through a licensed tour operator who can secure your permit and guide you along the trail.

B. Alternative Treks
If the Inca Trail is fully booked or you prefer a less crowded option, consider alternative treks:
- Salkantay Trek: This five-day trek offers stunning views of the Salkantay Mountain and culminates at Machu Picchu. It’s known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from high-altitude mountain passes to lush jungles.
- Lares Trek: This four-day trek takes you through traditional Andean villages and offers insights into local culture. It’s less touristy than the Inca Trail and allows for a more authentic experience.
C. Train Option
For those who prefer not to trek, taking a train from Cusco or Ollantaytambo is a convenient and scenic option. Trains travel along the Urubamba River and offer stunning views of the Andes. Once you arrive at Aguas Calientes, the closest town to Machu Picchu, you can take a bus to the entrance of the site.
3. Preparing for the Trek
A. Physical Preparation
Regardless of the route you choose, physical fitness is essential. The treks can be strenuous, with significant elevation changes and varying terrain. Here are some tips to prepare:
- Start Training Early: Begin your training at least a few months before your trek. Incorporate cardio exercises, hiking, and strength training to build stamina and endurance.
- Practice Hiking: If possible, hike regularly on trails similar to those you will encounter in Peru. This will help your body acclimatize to elevation and improve your trekking skills.
B. Altitude Acclimatization
Machu Picchu sits at an altitude of 2,430 meters (7,970 feet), and many trekkers begin at higher elevations. To minimize altitude sickness, allow time to acclimatize:
- Arrive Early: Spend a few days in Cusco or the Sacred Valley to acclimatize before your trek.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, and consider coca tea, which is known to help with altitude sickness.
C. Packing Essentials
Packing smartly is crucial for a successful trek. Here’s a recommended packing list:
- Clothing: Layered clothing is essential, including moisture-wicking base layers, insulating layers, and waterproof outer layers. Don’t forget a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses.
- Footwear: Invest in a good pair of hiking boots that are broken in and provide support.
- Gear: A daypack for essentials, trekking poles, a reusable water bottle, and a lightweight sleeping bag (if camping).
- Documents: Keep your passport and trekking permits in a waterproof pouch.

4. During the Trek
A. Safety Tips
While trekking to Machu Picchu is generally safe, it’s important to take precautions:
- Stay on the Trail: Stick to marked paths to minimize your impact on the environment and ensure your safety.
- Listen to Your Guide: Follow your guide’s instructions, especially regarding pacing and rest breaks.
- Take Breaks: Don’t rush; take regular breaks to rest and hydrate.
B. Enjoying the Experience
The journey to Machu Picchu is as rewarding as the destination itself. Take time to appreciate the stunning landscapes, the flora and fauna, and the archaeological sites along the way. Engage with local communities and learn about their customs and traditions.
5. Visiting Machu Picchu
Upon arriving at Machu Picchu, you’ll be greeted by the breathtaking views that have captivated travelers for centuries. Here are some tips for making the most of your visit:
A. Guided Tours
Consider hiring a guide for a more enriching experience. They can provide insights into the history, architecture, and significance of the site. Guided tours usually last about two hours.
B. Explore the Site
Take your time exploring the various sections of Machu Picchu, including:
- Intihuatana: The ritual stone associated with astronomy, believed to be a ceremonial site.
- The Temple of the Sun: A semi-circular building that highlights the Incas’ solar worship.
- Agricultural Terraces: These demonstrate the Incan agricultural techniques and their connection to the land.
C. Photography
Machu Picchu is incredibly photogenic, but remember to be respectful of the site. Early mornings or late afternoons provide the best lighting for photographs, and fewer crowds allow for better shots.
6. Conclusion
Tracking your journey to Machu Picchu involves careful planning and preparation, whether you choose to trek the famous Inca Trail, opt for an alternative route, or take the train. With stunning landscapes, rich history, and a unique cultural experience, visiting this iconic site is undoubtedly a life-changing adventure.
By following this guide and preparing adequately, you’ll be well on your way to experiencing the awe-inspiring beauty of Machu Picchu and the Andean region. Embrace the journey, take in the breathtaking views, and make unforgettable memories at one of the world’s most remarkable archaeological